
The mindfulness techniques in the West take advantage of the positive psychological and physiological effects that meditation brings. Mindfulness is defined as meaningful and non-judgmental awareness of the present experience. Various mindfulness techniques have been integrated into modern clinical psychology over the past four decades and are used primarily for stress management. It is basically based on Buddhist tradition. One of the techniques used in clinical psychology is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). MBSR uses only mindfulness meditation and is by far the most clinically used method. MBSR has been shown to be effective for patients with chronic pain such as. fibromyalgia, as well as panic disorder, psoriasis, cancer and recurrent depression. Another technique is a therapy called Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). MBCT is a development of mindfulness and is a combination of cognitive therapy, mindfulness ideas and meditation practice. MBCT was developed in 2002 and is based on MBSR. The technology was primarily created to prevent recurrence of suicidal thoughts.
A common concept that refers to both MBSR and MBCT is Mindfulness Based Intervention (MBI). MBI has proven positive effects on mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, bipolar, borderline personality disorder, eating disorders and sleep problems. The interest in investigating the effect of meditation on the structure of the brain has increased sharply in the last decade. Measurements of the volume and density of the gray matter are common methods for mapping brain changes. This is done in both longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies. Some studies examine the effects of a specific meditation exercise. Other studies compare the effects related to the number of years of exercise.
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